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4000 m peaks of the Alps

What is a summit, what is not ? There are about as many criteria as people climbing those peaks. It becomes especially "important" when it comes to the 4000 m peaks of the Alps - are there 60 or 80 of them?
The main criterion for being a summit is the height by which it is separated from its neighbours. Hundred meters clearly make up a summit, but also 30 m were mentioned as "valid".
Correspondingly, there are different lists of the 4000 m peaks, established by different persons. In the following list I will mention the list by Karl Blodig ("B",[1] - the first person having climbed all 4000 m peaks in the Alps [at least those matching his criteria]), Richard Goedeke ("G",[2]), the "official" list of UIAA ("U",[3]) and my own count ("H", which basically is derived from [1] and [2]).

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MountainHeightDiffi-
culty
Listsgap
height
AreaWas Hartmut already there?
BGUH
1Piz Bernina 4049

C

××××2132Bernina 1994 2000  
2Lauteraarhorn 4042

C

×××× 128Bern 2001  
3Schreckhorn 4078

D

×××× 785Bern  
4Finsteraarhorn 4274

C

××××2270Bern 1997  
5Gross Grünhorn 4044

B

×××× 305Bern 1997  
6Hinter Fiescherhorn 4025

B

×××× 102Bern 1991  
7Gross Fiescherhorn 4049

B

×××× 395Bern 1991  
8Mönch 4107

B

×××× 578Bern 1992 1993  
9Jungfrau 4158

B

×××× 683Bern 1993  
10Aletschhorn 4195

B

××××1017Bern 1988 1989  
11Lagginhorn 4010

B

×××× 511VS Weissmies 1990 2002  
12Weissmies 4023

B

××××1188VS Weissmies 1984 1985 1987 1989 1991  
13Dürrenhorn 4035

B

×××× 119VS Mischabel 2000  
14Hohberghorn 4219

B

×××× 77VS Mischabel 1996  
15Stecknadelhorn 4241

C

×××× 23VS Mischabel 2000  
16Nadelhorn 4327

B

×××× 206VS Mischabel 1985 1990 1997 2000  
17Lenzspitze 4294

D

×××× 81VS Mischabel 1985  
18Dom 4545

B

××××1046VS Mischabel 1990 1995  
19Täschhorn 4491

D

×××× 209VS Mischabel 2000a  
20Alphubel 4206

B

×××× 355VS Mischabel 1987 1989 1992 1993 1993 2004 2006  
21Allalinhorn 4027

A

×××× 245VS Mischabel 1985 1995 1998 2000 1998  
22Rimpfischhorn 4199

C

×××× 635VS Mischabel 1986a 1987 1994 1996a  
23Strahlhorn 4190

B

×××× 401VS Mischabel 1985 1986 1996 1999  
24Nordend 4609

B

×××× 94VS Monte Rosa 1990a  
25Dufourspitze 4634

C

××××2165VS Monte Rosa 1989  
26Zumsteinspitze 4563

B

×××× 111VS Monte Rosa 1988 1991  
27Signalkuppe 4554

B

×××× 102VS Monte Rosa 1988 1991  
28Parrotspitze 4432

B

×××× 136VS Monte Rosa 1987 1991  
29Ludwigshöhe 4341

A

×××× 58VS Monte Rosa 1987 1989 1993  
30Schwarzhorn 4321

B

×××× 42VS Monte Rosa 1987 1989  
31Piramide Vincent 4215

A

×××× 128VS Monte Rosa 1988 1989 1991 1993  
32Punta Giordani 4046

B

×-×× 5VS Monte Rosa 2001  
33Lyskamm West 4479 --×- 82VS Lyskamm  
34Lyskamm 4527

C

×××× 376VS Lyskamm 1991  
35Castor 4228

B

×××× 165VS Lyskamm 1989  
36Pollux 4092

C

×××× 247VS Lyskamm 2001  
37Roccia Nera (Breithorn) 4075 --×- 30VS Lyskamm  
38Breithornzwillinge Ost 4106 --×- 36VS Lyskamm  
39Breithornzwillinge West 4141 --×- 119VS Lyskamm  
40Breithorn Zentral 4159 --×- 83VS Lyskamm  
41Breithorn 4164

A

×××× 433VS Lyskamm 2001  
42Matterhorn 4478

D

××××1031VS Matterhorn 1996  
43Dent d'Hérens 4171

C

×××× 692VS Matterhorn 2000  
44Obergabelhorn 4063

D

×××× 536VS Weisshorn 1997  
45Zinalrothorn 4221

D

×××× 490VS Weisshorn 1990  
46Bishorn 4153

A

×××× 95VS Weisshorn 1989 1990 1992 2001  
47Weisshorn 4505

D

××××1234VS Weisshorn 1990  
48Dent Blanche 4357

D

×××× 910VS Weisshorn 1998  
49Grand Combin de Tsessette 4141 --×- 51VS Gd.Combin  
50Grand Combin de Valsorey 4184 --×- 52VS Gd.Combin 1999  
51Grand Combin de Grafeneire 4314

C

××××1517VS Gd.Combin 1999  
52Gran Paradiso 4061

B

××××1873Gran Paradiso 1986 1990 1992 2007  
53Aiguille de Rochefort 4001

C

×××× 106Mont Blanc 1994  
54Dôme de Rochefort 4015

C

×××× 190Mont Blanc 1994  
55Dent du Géant 4013

E

×××× 139Mont Blanc 2003  
56Punta Margherita (Grandes Jorasses) 4065 --×- 50Mont Blanc  
57Punta Elena (Grandes Jorasses) 4045 --×- 10Mont Blanc  
58Pointe Croz (Grandes Jorasses) 4110 --×- 10Mont Blanc  
59Pointe Whymper 4184 --×- 51Mont Blanc  
60Grandes Jorasses 4208

C

×××× 843Mont Blanc 2001  
61Les Droites 4000

D

×××× 204Mont Blanc 2001  
62Grande Rocheuse 4102

D

×××× 52Mont Blanc  
63Aiguille du Jardin 4035

E

×××× 37Mont Blanc  
64Aiguille Verte 4122

D

×××× 688Mont Blanc 1996  
65Corne du Diable (Aig. du Diable) 4064 --×- 19Mont Blanc  
66Pointe Chaubert (Aig. du Diable) 4074 --×- 57Mont Blanc  
67Pointe Médiane (Aig. du Diable) 4097 --×- 40Mont Blanc  
68Pointe Carmen (Aig. du Diable) 4109 --×- 55Mont Blanc  
69L'Isolée (Aig. du Diable) 4114 --×- 36Mont Blanc  
70Mont Blanc du Tacul 4248

B

×××× 213Mont Blanc 1991  
71Mont Maudit 4465

B

×××× 162Mont Blanc 1991  
72Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey 4112

E

×××× 178Mont Blanc  
73Grand Pilier d'Angle 4243 --×- 3Mont Blanc  
74Punta Baretti 4013

B

×××× 56Mont Blanc  
75Mont Brouillard 4069

B

×××× 39Mont Blanc  
76Pico Luigi Amedeo 4460 --×- 40Mont Blanc  
77Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 4748 --×- 7Mont Blanc  
78Dôme du Goûter 4304

A

--×× 54Mont Blanc 1988 1989 1990  
79Mont Blanc 4810

B

××××4800Mont Blanc 1988 1989 1990 1993 1995 2003  
80Aiguille de Bionnassay 4052

C

×××× 164Mont Blanc 1990  
81Dôme de Neige des Ecrins 4015

B

--×- 41Ecrins 1991  
82Barre des Ecrins 4102

C

××××2044Ecrins  
In case of the ascents marked by a, we did not completely reach the main summit.
[1] Karl Blodig, Helmut Dumler, "Die Viertausender der Alpen", Bergverlag Rudolf Rother
[2] Richard Goedeke, "4000er - die Normalwege", Verlag J. Berg
[3] Die Alpen 70, S.14 (Jan. 1994): This list was compiled by Gino Buscaini (CAI), François Labande (CAF), and Maurice Brandt (SAC). It is based on a topographic criterion of 30 height meters and additional subjective criteria (morphologic and alpinistic). Therefore Mont Blanc de Courmayeur is included because it is (as the authors state) morphologically and alpinistically independent, as also all five summits of Grandes Jorasses. All summits of Breithorns fulfil the topographic criterion (except Roccia Nera, however fulfilling the two other conditions).

I personally adhere to the old Blodig/Goedeke list. I must admit, however, that Punta Giordani, Dôme du Goûter and Balmenhorn are really a matter of personal taste.

Difficulties given in the table above:

(The five categories A to E are my personal grading scheme, not a "standard")

A

relatively easy (F to PD)

B

moderate (PD)

C

moderate to difficult (PD to AD)

D

rather difficult (AD)

E

difficult (D)

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